Pakistan

Pakistan was the rich and a developing country which had valuable natural resources in the past. Pakistan was known for its rich agriculture and human resources helped Pakistan to grow in every field. Through agriculture, Pakistan gained its economical power and enjoyed by having plenty of resources. People did not have much education so they kept on working in agriculture. Pakistani people were hard working and saw success in every field. Since the partition of Pakistan and India they kept on having some conflicts between them. In Pakistan Muslims, Christians and Hindus were living peacefully. Pakistan is known for its cultural norms because they strictly followed what the Kuran says and those who failed to follow will not be considered as Muslims. In Pakistan there was not much facilities in education where people immigrated to many other countries to continue their studies and settled there. After that immigration is still continuing in Pakistan. Many people immigrate to other countries due to business. This was the reason for the immigration where big amount of Pakistani Muslims presented in America. They are known as Pakistani Americans, moreover the number of Pakistani Americans is increasing still. Then all the human resources came down because lack of good members in politics. Political issues were the main cause for the problems faced by the Pakistani people. The increasing of corruption made in politics affected the lives of normal people. Normal people were affected where elite people lived a rich life. Pakistan met failure in education, in employment, in democracy and in shortage of human needs. So people trusted the Human Resources management to develop their sad situation. Their needs are an innovation in education, skills training for unemployment people and natural resources to lead life. At the beginning they were living satisfied life after the war, nuclear power, corruption, in politics and lack of help from the government changed their life totally. The demolition of The Twin Tower on September 11 changed the lives of the Pakistani people. All the Muslims were considered as terrorist therefore many Muslim writers all around the countries started to write about the real face of Islam people and their hardships after the September 11 attack. Pakistan EEOC Complaint Trends Executive Summary The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission website was very informative in researching current trends in complaints being filed with the EEOC. The EEOC has the responsibility to oversee, investigate, and litigate claims of employment discrimination. I will discuss several EEOC current trends in complaints. First, I will discuss the American Disability Act of 1990. This Act was established to protect disabled people. Then, discuss several disability cases filed by EEOC.For example, Robin Parker-Garcia vs. Gannett Company, Inc. was a popular disability discrimination case filed by EEOC when an bipolar employee was fired because of his disability. Another case filed by the EEOC was the case of McCormick & Schmick. In this case, a complaint was filed by EEOC when this employee was fired because he was deaf. Some disability discrimination laws are similar in other countries to those in the United States. On the hand, there are some countries that d o not have discrimination laws to protect the people. / EEOC Current Complaint Trends Upon review of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission website I found that there are many employment related complaints that have been filed with EEOC. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsibility is to oversee, investigate, and litigate claims of employment discrimination. In other words, they enforce federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. In my opinion, people should be given the chance to obtain employment if they can work while being disabled.The current trend in EEOC complaints that I would like to discuss those that are in violation of the American Disability Act of 1990. This Act was established to protect disabled people. It states that all private and public employers with 15 or more employees are protected under this law. The law requires an employer to provide reasonable accommodation to an employee or job applicant with a disability, unless doing so wo uld cause significant difficulty or expense for the employer â€Å"undue hardship† (EEOC. gov). In the case of Robin Parker-Garcia-vs.Gannett Company, Inc. , she was unlawfully discharged because she was bipolar. Gannett Company, Inc. was in direct violation of the ADA. (Sunnucks, 2011) According to Mello, there is some concern as to whether certain medical conditions really are impairments and whether they limit any major life activity. In other words, not all medical conditions are physically related. The ADA protects those that are physically and mentally disabled. (Mello 2011, p. 302) Another interesting complaint filed with EEOC was the McCormick & Schmick case.According to the EEOC's suit, Vernon Davis, who has been deaf since childhood and uses American Sign Language and reads lips to communicate, satisfactorily performed his duties as a prep cook at the McCormick ; Schmick's National Harbor restaurant in Oxon Hill, Md. The EEOC said that at McCormick & Schmick's, Davi s was harassed by a former management official because of his disability, through mockery [†¦] and physical conduct. The EEOC also said that Davis's prep cook duties were removed and that he was transferred to a dishwasher position because of his disability.After Davis and others complained about Davis being subjected to disability discrimination, the restaurant demoted him to a janitorial-type position and cut his hours because of his disability and in retaliation for the complaints, the EEOC charged. Four months later, McCormick and Schmick's unlawfully fired Davis because of his disability and in retaliation for his complaints. (National Law Review) As I read both of the disability cases, I noticed that the EEOC has an important role in filing disability claims on behalf of the employee.In 2012, statistics show that Texas (8,929 charges) and Florida (7,940 charges) had the largest amount of disability discrimination claims filed by EEOC in the United States. As I reviewed th e EEOC site, I noticed that the EEOC is currently dealing with cases pertaining to disability discrimination and sexual harassment cases. Both types of cases are in violation of federal laws that has been put in place to protect those in the workplace. I totally agree with the discrimination laws because they protect people in the UnitedStates society as a whole. Nobody is exempt from filing a claim with the EEOC is they feel that their employment rights have been violated by their employer in the United States or globally. Based on further research on this topic, I discovered that other countries discrimination laws are similar to those in the United States. Many laws around the world prohibit sexual harassment and recognize that both men and women may be harassers or victims of sexual harassment. However, most claims of sexual harassment are made by women.In Australia, The Sex Discrimination Act of 1984 defines sexual harassment as â€Å"†¦unwanted conduct of a sexual nature . † Czech defines sex harassment as â€Å"undesirable behavior of a sexual nature at the workplace if such conduct is unwelcome, unsuitable or insulting [†¦]. † In contrast, France Article 222-33 of the French Criminal Code describes sexual harassment as, â€Å"The fact of harassing anyone using orders, threats or constraint, in order to obtain favors of a sexual nature, by a person abusing the authority that functions confer on him†¦ This means the harasser can only be someone with authority on the harassed (basically, there can't be sexual harassment between coworkers of the same rank. This was an eye opener for me because it is the total opposite in the United States. An U. S. employee can file a complaint against the boss as well as a coworker for sexual harassment in the workplace. (humanresource. com) Another employment law that is faced in other countries is disability discrimination.The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilit ies (CRPD), passed in 2006, is the main international policy document addressing the rights of disabled persons. Framing disability as a human rights issue, the CRPD makes general human rights law applicable to persons with disabilities and clarifies existing international laws concerning disabilities. According to the World Report on Disability (2011) article, A 2005 global survey found that of the 114 countries participating: 48 countries did not adopt rehabilitation policies and 57 countries did not pass rehabilitation legislation.As for accessibility standard, 54 percent had none for outside environments, 43 percent had none for public building, and 44 percent had none for schools and health facilities. About 65 percent had not started educational programs, and 58 percent had not allocated funds to disability programs. Reasons included lack of strategic planning, lack of resources and health infrastructure, and lack of a coordinating agency. Non-compliance is also a problem, eve n among developed countries such as Australia, Brazil, Denmark, India, and the United States.Other countries are lacking disability discrimination laws. There is much work to be done in order for them to come into compliance so that they can help the disabled community. The lack of strategic planning and a lack of resources are main barriers in helping the disabled community in other countries with disability discrimination issues. References EEOC. gov. Retrieved January 30, 2013 from http://www. eeoc. gov/laws/types/disability. cfm Mello, J. A. (2011). Strategic human resources management. (3rd ed. ). Mason, OH: SouthWestern/Cencage.Sunnucks, D. (2011). EEOC charges Gannett company with discrimination. Retrieved January 30, 2013 from http://www. natlawreview. com/article/mccormick-schmick-s-to-pay- 47814-to-settle-eeoc-disability-discrimination-lawsuit What is human resource. com. Sexual harassment, different countries. Retrieved January 31, 2013 from http://www. whatishumanresourc e. com/sexual-harassment-different-countries World report on disability. (2011) Retrieved January 31, 2013 from http://www. globalization101. org/world-report-on-disability-3/

Morality As Anti-Nature Essay

Friedrich Nietzsche, a prominent German philosopher in the 19th century is one of the most well-read philosophers of the past two-centuries. His ideas regarding morality and nature continue to be discussed and debated to this day among scholars of all beliefs. All living things are given desires by nature. These desires exist as part of who we are. They define us in a way; they can aid us and they can also do us great harm. The cardinal sin of Pride, for instance, can be a good thing, to have pride in yourself and your abilities, and be able to brag about them may be what stands between you and another person applying for the same job. But according to the Bible, it is a sin. So the other person might have the moral high ground, but you will end up with the job. Which is better? Only you can decide that for yourself. Another way to look at it is this. You have a great passion for reading, but morality says that reading is evil. So you deny yourself the pleasure of a good book, magazine article or even a street sign in order to follow what someone else has deemed to be a moral code. You are denying your true self, for no other purpose, but to be accepted in society. In your heart, and in your mind, you know that reading is no more evil that breathing, but because society has told you differently, you ignore reality. To Nietzsche, denying your own passions is like denying reality. If your passions were a tiger, a strong man would catch the tiger and tame it. A weak man would at least run away. But it is only a fool who pretends that the tiger doesn’t exist. The greatest of moralities are those that accomodate nature†¦ the weakest of moralities are those that deny it. Even though many people at the time truly believed that the church provided them a great direction in life, Nietzsche strongly disagreed. Nietzsche believed that following a religion is to ignore the very nature of humanity. He believed that man is born naturally good, proposing that the church  should not be followed in order for humans to allow their passions be presented in themselves as they desire. Throughout his writings, Nietzsche aims to inform his readers that we as humans can only reach our potential by following our passions and ignoring the flawed ideals of the church. Under the doctrine of the church’s morality, innate passions of its followers must be abolished in order to become proper Christians. By destroying the inner passions of its followers, the church is doing a great disfavor by using morality to rule out nature from their lives. When someone begins to follow the ideals of the church, they are introduced with the doctrine of the idea of free will. Basically, this concept claims that even if God is an all righteous and all powerful being, only â€Å"his† followers have the ultimate responsibility for their actions. As human beings, we have a certain weakness to make great mistakes. This is where Nietzsche claimed that there is a case of cause and effect. At the time of his writing, Friedrich Nietzsche saw that when events were not proven scientifically, followers of the church were very naà ¯ve to credit an act of God rather than searching for the answers differently. Christianity had become the enemy of life and nature and the church has stifled its followers by turning them into closed minded and weak humans. Nietzsche ultimately believed that religion creates a concept of anti-natural morality which damages our development as humans quite severely, eventually ending our status and rights as individuals once the church gets involved. Nietzsche believed that the church is at war with the passionate and the intelligent in favor of the poor and spirited. He believed that the ones who began the mental and spiritual decapitations of others are truly the ones who were unable to control their passions and were very ill willed. The people of the church who imposed morality as anti-nature were the ones who were unable to impose moderation in their lives. He believed that an immoralist is an ideal human being, because they are the ones who truly understand the rights and wrongs in life by applying passions and a chosen lifestyle that best coincides with their lives.

Jane Austen’s use of Gothic Traditions in Northanger Abbey Essay

The term ‘Gothic’ was first really used by Italian writers who ‘accredited’ what they thought was the ugliness of the art and architecture of the twelfth to fifteenth centuries. They often related this art and architecture to the northern tribes of German Barbarians known as the ‘Goths’; these were the first to corrupt the style of the grand architecture back. They would make towers that were too tall, walls that were too thick and arches that were too steeply pointed – thus destroying the architecture of the generation. By adding such grotesque and mysterious objects such as gargoyles, the Italian writers seemed as though they were just adding insult to injury. They were horrified. But just as ‘Gothic’ was at its peak around the mid-fourteenth century, it seemed to decline slowly and make its way into a history book, never to be seen again. But by the late eighteenth century, the Gothic revival was back in business, and more popular than ever before! The Gothic revival was first started by a man named Horace Walpole (1717-1797), as a reaction against the Classicism of the previous era. Horace was a writer who transformed his simple home into the most Gothic building of its age. It had pillars, vaults, arches, and a great tower. This signalled the beginning of a new cultural era. Walpole’s Gothic house was inspired by a dream, which he could only describe as † I had thought myself in an ancient castle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Inspired by his vision, Walpole sat down and produced ‘The Castle of Otranto’, the world’s first Gothic novel and named one of the most influential novels in the history of English literature. In response to this, there were of course many other Gothic novels to be published, among these, was the very popular ‘The Mysteries of Udolpho’ by Ann Radcliffe. Gothic novels between 1790 and 1830 fell within the category of romantic literature, and you could say it was a rebellion against the formality and rigidity of how other kinds of literature were written at that time. Ever since ‘The Castle of Otranto’, many Gothic novels have followed the similar pattern: the terrifying old castle on the hill or the misty graveyard. The setting is always greatly influential in Gothic novels. It not only evokes the atmosphere of horror and trepidation, but it also portrays the dramatic deterioration of what used to be a beautiful piece of architecture. At one time the abbey, castle or mansion was something treasured and appreciated, but now it is just a mere shadow of its former self. As for traditional Gothic characters, there is always a hero, usually a female, who has no idea of how to deal with the situations put towards her, and you are always able to see a pattern in their characterisation. There is almost always an isolated protagonist, and their part in the story is mainly summarised nearing the dramatic end of the story. Then, there is the villain, who is the epitome of evil. This character could be anyone you could think of; mad scientist, inn keeper, or baron of the manor house. The Gothic novel could be seen as a description of a fallen world and we experience this world through all aspects of the novel: plot, setting, characters and theme. In order for a novel to be Gothic, it must be accurate to Gothic traditions, impeccable language, possibly of old chapters in history. But with great novels come great sceptics; Jane Austen was not altogether pleased with this new genre of writing. She did not regard Gothic novels as ‘proper literature’. She criticised the readers of the novels (mainly young teenage girls). Jane Austen went about her earlier criticisms of Gothic novels to little avail; people still enjoyed reading them and by 1798, Gothic novels were at their peak in fashion although it was never taken seriously as literature. Jane Austen knew she had to do something drastic to proclaim her annoyance of this new genre; so she wrote a parody, Northanger Abbey. Yet the characteristics shown in Chapter 1 do not suggest that Catherine Morland was a Gothic Heroine at all! Catherine Morland is the heroine of the book. She is described as having â€Å"a thin awkward figure, a sallow skin without colour, dark lank hair, and strong features–† and that â€Å"and not less unpropitious for heroism seemed her mind†. Her behaviour was equally inept: â€Å"She was fond of all boy’s plays, and greatly preferred cricket not merely to dolls, but to the more heroic enjoyments of infancy, nursing a dormouse, feeding a canary-bird, or watering a rosebush†. Jane Austen employs great irony to describe her, satirising â€Å"her abilities† as â€Å"quite as extraordinary†. Austen ends with the comment â€Å"She never could learn or understand anything before she was taught; and sometimes not even then, for she was often inattentive, and occasionally stupid†. By Chapter 5, Catherine is taken to Bath by some wealthy godparents for her first experience of high society, attending various balls and parties. Catherine meets Isabella Thorpe, an attractive, flirtatious young lady, who introduces her to Gothic novels, such as the ‘Castle of Otranto’ and Catherine is ‘enchanted’ by them. But most of the Gothic moments happen during Catherine’s visit to the Abbey itself. For example, in Chapter 21, during the day, Catherine notices a large chest, standing at one side of the fireplace in her bedroom: ‘The sight of it made her start; and, forgetting everything else, she stood gazing on it in motionless wonder, while these thoughts crossed her’. In classic gothic style, Catherine questions herself: ‘An immense heavy chest! What could it hold? Why should it be placed here?’ This is an example of Austen’s Gothic parodying of the gothic characters and literary style it is, aimed to mock the traditional Gothic heroines who followed this curiosity, usually a feature in all Gothic novels. But it also mocks the way the novels are written. Panting punctuation, excessive exclamation marks and ridiculous hyperbolic adjectives. We see an example of her gothic language when she speaks to herself (concerning the chest): â€Å"I will look into it; cost me what it may, I will look into it, and directly too—-by daylight†. We cannot deny that Catherine is somewhat ‘over-doing it’ with the ridiculous questions â€Å"What could it hold? Why should it be placed here?†. The Chest is described with ridiculous accuracy: â€Å"The lock was silver, though tarnished from age; at each end were the imperfect remains of handles also of silver, broken perhaps prematurely by some strange violence; and, on the centre of the lid, was a mysterious cipher, in the same metal†. This over-descriptive language creates a tense gothic-style passage yet in a way, is ‘too gothic’. By doing this, Austen succeeds in making a ‘spoof’ as it were, of gothic novels written previous to this novel. Catherine decides to investigate, by opening the chest: â€Å"and seized, with trembling hands, the grasp of the lock† and â€Å"she raised the lid a few inches; but at that moment a sudden knocking at the door†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This is when the maid enters; this build-up of tension, and sudden interruption is very anticlimactic, and we see this not only once in Northanger Abbey. When Catherine dismisses the maid, she goes at the chest once more, only to find that it contains white linen! Once again, an anticlimax, which leaves Catherine very surprised (and embarrassed, when Miss Tilney enters shortly afterwards). Later on in this Chapter, Catherine comes to discover a Japan Cabinet: â€Å"She took her candle and look closely at the cabinet. It was not absolutely ebony and gold; but it was Japan†. Catherine (like any other Gothic heroine) is intrigued by this new discovery, and decides to open it, hoping the contents would be more exciting than them of the chest. Thr sequence of events happen by night, giving the cabinet an almost mysterious awe about it, which would only add to the tone of the passage. Austen uses words like â€Å"mysteriously†, â€Å"the wind roared† and â€Å"the rain beat down in torrents against the windows† to give the scene an even more gothic-like tone. Catherine finds that however hard she turns the key on the cabinet, however she manages to open it â€Å"the door suddenly yielded to her hand: her heart leaped with exultation at such a victory† revealing a series of lesser bolts and doors within the cabinet. Catherine’s curiosity would not stop there. She decided to delve further into the cabinet of mystery! A lot of the text on the page is devoted to the examination of this cabinet. â€Å"With less alarm and greater eagerness she seized a second, a third, a fourth–each was equally empty†: this was describing the many smaller drawers within the Japan Cabinet, all with seemingly obvious, predictable outcomes – they contained nothing. The tension has become somewhat lost however in one of the other drawers Catherine finds a parchment: â€Å"her eyes directly fell on a roll of paper pushed back into the further part of the cavity†. There is an air of tension, as Catherine reaches out to unveil what the manuscript beholds. But suddenly (dramatic tension), â€Å"The dimness of the light her candle emitted made her turn to it with alarm; but there was no danger of its sudden extinction† – the candle was flickering yet she did not think it would go out. However the flame did go out: â€Å"Alas! it was snuffed and extinguished in one†. Catherine was now submerged into complete darkness (very much gothic; darkness and candles becoming suddenly snuffed out). Austen uses words like â€Å"horror† and â€Å"trembled† to create an atmosphere of terror and uncertainty. As Catherine stood â€Å"motionless with horror† she thought she could hear â€Å"receding footsteps†. This usage of noises in a perfectly still, quiet and dark atmosphere is used to scare not just Catherine but the reader also. â€Å"A cold sweat stood on her forehead, the manuscript fell from her hand† and she hastily jumped back into bed. This is very anticlimactic, and very unlike a gothic heroine to come running back to a place of safety. One would expect a gothic heroine to relight the candle and look at the parchment nevertheless. However, that is not the case in this instance. A sense of tension is still apparent in the text when Catherine can still hear the slow ‘ticking’ of the clocks in a silent atmosphere – this is bound to be unnerving for Catherine. The weather is still apparent, keeping the tone a tense and restless one: â€Å"The storm still raged, and various were the noises, more terrific than the wind, which struck at intervals on her startled ear†. Austen also uses â€Å"Hollow murmurs seemed to creep along the gallery† to keep the tension on tenterhooks. However, the sheer fact that Catherine falls asleep destroys the atmosphere and tension completely, as we turn to a completely new chapter. Jane Austen’s uses of Gothic traditions are very apparent in this text: she describes the room and the Cabinet so vividly. She adds the traditional gothic tone, the pathetic fallacy, the weather, at night, the rain, and the storm, † The night was stormy; the wind had been rising at intervals the whole afternoon: and by the time the party broke up, it blew and rained violently† all Gothic traditions yet Catherine running back to her bed scared left on a gothic cliff hanger of suspense, however when Catherine ran back to her bed it was totally anticlimactic. In the morning (and the opening of Chapter twenty-two), the scene is completely different. Sun is pouring through the windows and birds are singing. Catherine discovers the precious lists are only laundry bills, â€Å"‘To poultice chestnut mare,’ a farrier’s bill!†: this is very anticlimactic. But this is why Northanger Abbey is a parody, continually acting against what Gothic novels are based around and may contain. Later in chapter twenty-two, Catherine is talking to Eleanor about the death of her mother, and her father’s relationship with her mother. Many of these questions were very rude and personal. As the conversation led on, Catherine drew new conclusions about Mrs Tilney’s death: that General Tilney had murdered his wife and was hiding her away secretly somewhere in the Abbey. This is another example of Catherine’s strange and vivid imagination. â€Å"Was she a very charming woman? Was she handsome? Was there any picture of her in the abbey? And why had she been so partial to that grove? Was it from dejection of spirits?†. These were some of the questions Catherine was asking herself. This is very insensitive, whilst talking on such a delicate matter as a family member. This is unlike a gothic heroine to ask so many questions. The two come onto the subject of a portrait of Mrs Tilney, and how General Tilney most not have valued her, â€Å"A portrait, very like, of a departed wife, not valued by her husband† and that because of this microcosm, â€Å"He must have been dreadfully cruel to her†. Catherine relates these misunderstanding to those of characters she had read in other gothic novels previous to her visit to the abbey: â€Å"She had often read of such characters; characters, which Mr. Allen had been used to call unnatural and overdrawn† . Right now Catherine is mixing fact with fiction, and lets her imagination run wild with vivid ideas of how General Tilney is an evil baron of some sort. Catherine often hears the slightest microcosm, yet turns it into a macrocosm, and lets these new ideas go to her head, and we see this is exactly the case in Chapter 24. Jane Austen’s use of questions and thoughts in Catherine’s head gives us an insight into how the mind of a gothic heroine works, however Catherine has been too taken in by other novels that she actually dreams of becoming a gothic heroine and wants to have a passion for danger (thus the investigations at nightfall in chapter 21 and yearning for answers to the ‘mystery’ which never was). Yet her profile (in Chapter 1) tells us otherwise; it mentions she is nothing at all like a gothic heroine! This new wild passion for mystery and conspiracy led Catherine to enter Mrs Tilney’s room in chapter twenty-four, just when General Tilney was out on a walk: â€Å"The general’s early walk, ill-timed as it was in every other view, was favourable here; and when she knew him to be out of the house, she directly proposed to Miss Tilney the accomplishment of her promise. Eleanor was ready to oblige her; and Catherine reminding her as they went of another promise, their first visit in consequence was to the portrait in her bed-chamber† When she ventures in â€Å"On tiptoe she entered† she notices that the room is entirely normal: â€Å"She could not be mistaken as to the room; but how grossly mistaken in everything else!–in Miss Tilney’s meaning, in her own calculation!†, Catherine expected to enter a room full of mysterious torture instruments and dungeon-like atmosphere. Instead, there was normal furniture, paintings and various other decorations: â€Å"She saw a large, well-proportioned apartment, an handsome dimity bed, arranged as unoccupied with an housemaid’s care, a bright Bath stove, mahogany wardrobes, and neatly painted chairs, on which the warm beams of a western sun gaily poured through two sash windows† – yet again we see the over descriptive language which is ever present in the novel. This is an anticlimax and not Gothic because Catherine was expecting something very different. Northanger Abbey is the epitome of Gothic Spoof. Jane Austen succeeds in mocking what Gothic novels are all about, the content and the way the characters act, as well as the young teenage girls who read them. The description of places and objects is amusingly hyperbolic, and excellent as a parody of a gothic novel. It has to be, because the trend of Gothic novels is to have deep descriptions, and Austen is able to utilize the gothic traditions and add to them somewhat ridiculously! Austen makes good use of the characters i.e. Catherine, and you are able to see what they do and what they think. Austen is good at writing in a gothic style – she builds up tension and pulls us in, only to let there be an anticlimax and let us down. She makes good use of Ann Radcliffe’s Mysteries of Uldopho and the way she entwined some of the ideas from that book to this novel.

Print Ad Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Print Ad Analysis - Essay Example It became obvious that the drink corresponds to the character of this director- bold, outrageous, and manly so he served as literal symbol of the beverage and its most typical consumer. It is well known that consumers tend to associate themselves with those whom they see in the advertisement. Tarantino is therefore a cult figure for numerous cinema fans because he crated the image of the perfect gangster in a suit, and such life seems attractive to many. All in all, whisky is often perceived as the beverage for real men because it contains a high percentage of alcohol. So basically one can get drunk very fast with whisky that is why only those who know how to drink it right usually choose this beverage. Whisky is often served with ice and is drunk slowly in a company of good friends. Dewar`s hints with this advertisement that the beverage is for those men who value style and quality and who can choose the best in any situation. Whisky is also the type of beverage for which the age is important- the longer it is kept the better it is eventually. So Dewer`s teaches its consumers to appreciate not only status and quality but time as well. The message of the ad is clear: Tarantino is sitting in a dark room of some luxurious restaurant on a leather sofa drinking his glass of Dewar`s with ice. This image implies everything that most men probably want when they dream of status and money. The appearance of Quentin on the ad symbolizes that on this stage of recognition and success people do not need attention; they need their good old glass of whisky to savor life. The motto of the advertisement fits the overall mood â€Å"there are two types of people in this world, those who are planning to do something and those who do†. This slogan is some kind of a call for action for most men because action is the only possible way for achievement, and we, people living in the

Week 5 Discussion 1 Law Enforcement Research Design and Analysis Essay

Week 5 Discussion 1 Law Enforcement Research Design and Analysis - Essay Example he reason for using mixed method as being due to research projects being non-linear but facing unanticipated directions with time which result to changes in the purpose. However, the researcher defines that the original purpose should be retained such that any changes within the research whether consistent, resistant or contrary to the original purpose can aid the researcher to craft them to meet the needs of the original purpose. The author gives examples of the use of mixed methods theory with a consistent original purpose through the Finn and Achilles (1990) to identify the failure of students to learn reading and math (Newman, Ridenour, Newman, & Paul DeMarco). This made it possible to draw implications to support the study or the reason for conducting the study. With the results, then it is possible to craft them to meet the needs of organizing school environments. The author advances propositions of the theory through a typology of thinking through the research process using the researcher’s lens. At any given time, the researcher should work using only one lens since more than one lens used simultaneously results to failure of even good research intent. While the original purpose (independent variable) drives the lens used by the researcher, the resistant, consistent and contrary purposes of study are dependent on it and can only be crafted in line with it. Based on logic theory, the purpose of the study is bound to change owing to unanticipated events but this does not automatically change the original grounded and rooted purpose of the research. In this respect, the original meaning has to remain intact and craft the meaning of the changed

Will China Be The Next Superpower Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Will China Be The Next Superpower - Essay Example China will be the next super power as it is the biggest Asian country and has emerged magnificently economically all around the globe. The pros of China becoming the next super power support their discussion through means of economy, trade, and technology and labor force. By nominal GDP, China is the second largest economy with a growth rate average of almost double figures for over three decades. It is the fastest growing economy, and it is concluded by many analysts that by the year 2020, it will be the largest economy of the world surpassing its rival country. America’s growth rate in comparison with China is very low, and it is also indulged in two wars, which makes it impossible to compete and lose its lead soon. In the trade, China is the largest exporter and second largest importer, which enhance its Balance of Trade, which is fruitful for its economy. China is also in contract with many other nations and does free trade with them, which increases its imports and exports and develops good relations with them. It has made prompt advancement in areas like infrastructure and high-tech manufacturing. In recent decades, China has also developed swiftly in science and technology with the help of its government, as it is considered socio-economic development of the country and also its national prestige. China is the most populous country, with the largest labor force, which helps the boom in their economy and is one of the reasons that will lead China in becoming the next super power. The people who are in favor to the debate that China will become the next super power give the above reasons for their support, as they are certainly the pros towards the topic. The group of cons of this topic strongly feels that China will not leave behind America and become the next super power. They believe that nations cannot become a super power

Mergers and acquisitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mergers and acquisitions - Essay Example HCL EAS Limited ("HCL EAS"), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of HCL, for the entire issued and to be issued share capital of Axon at a price of 650 pence in cash per Axon Share (including the Interim Dividend of 2.25 pence announced on 26 August 2008) On 2 October 2008, the Axon Board announced that it had withdrawn its recommendation for the Infosys Acquisition and intended to recommend unanimously the HCL Offer On November 25, Axon approved the scheme of arrangement to implement its acquisition by HCL EAS. HCL got 99.9 per cent votes in its favor and the company acquired 34.7 million shares of the British firm On 15 December, 2008 HCL Technologies completed its ?441 million (around Rs 3,100 crore) cash offer Axon Group Plc. Deal Structure Analysis HCL EAS, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of HCL Technologies which had been formed specifically for the purposes of making the offer, announced a cash offer to acquire the entire issued and to be issued share capital of Axon for ? 441.1 mn. HCL EAS is a private limited company incorporated in England and Wales and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of HCL Technologies. Axon shareholders received for each Axon Share 647.75 pence in cash. Shareholders who were on the register of members of Axon on 24 October 2008 will also be entitled to receive an additional 2.25 pence for each Axon Share held by way of the Interim Dividend. Such Shareholders therefore received an aggregate of 650 pence per Axon Share. Financing arrangements: The cash consideration payable by HCL EAS under the terms of the HCL Acquisition was funded using a combination of the HCL Group’s existing resources and committed loan facility arranged by Standard Chartered for the purposes of the HCL Acquisition. New debt was given to HCL EAS pursuant to a... The paper affirms that there are many theories and motives that have given us useful reasons why mergers and acquisitions that take place. Williamson proposed the concept of transaction cost economics (TCE) through which an organization can find out ways of optimizing its activities so that the production and transaction costs are minimized. He proposed that it is generally cheaper to buy a generic product from an outsider which is having its core competency in the same area. However, firms might be interested in internalizing the above exchange. Therefore, firms might want to acquire other organizations. Another parallel theory that is often cited is the theory of resource dependence. It is proposed that organization exchange resources within their environment which include suppliers or competitors. Theorists claim that organizations go for acquisitions to take control over critical resources in order to decrease its dependence on outside. Mergers and acquisitions lead to organizati ons having access to critical resources thereby increasing their market power. Another motive in organizations going for mergers and acquisitions is the drive for organizations to acquire knowledge. Firms acquire or merge with other companies in order to take advantage of opportunities in organizational learning. This theory is based on the increasing importance of knowledge in achieving competitive advantage. Mergers are a preferred more of acquiring specific technical skills and capabilities that are difficult to buy.

Why does Hollywood hates Arabs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why does Hollywood hates Arabs - Essay Example We can infer this typical stereotyping from a film â€Å"Reel Bad Arabs† which does not require the audience to have an impression about what Arabs and Muslims are. It resembles the word â€Å"Real Bad Arabs† which the word alone passed a negative judgement about a certain group of people with a distinct culture without even inquiring the essence of Mohammedism. This stereotyping is typical and often feeds and enflames on the prejudice against Muslims and Arabs. It rides on the negative aspect of pathos, or capitalizing on the negative emotional connotation and impression about Arabs to sell as a film by highlighting Arabs and Muslims as bad guys as initially conveyed by the news. This is quite effective because this approach appeals to the basic instinct of people which is fear. Fear is common among people and Hollywood use this to elicit interest among the audience of its films by demonizing the Arabs and Muslims whom fear can feed on. It is only unfortunate that this fear can later turned into loathing because it is human nature to reject and abhor things that its fears. Arabs and Muslims then became as a favorite enemy of Hollywood when its audience subconsciously wants to confront and overcome its fear. It then exalts the virtue of overcoming a challenge at the expense of another group of people who are helpless about their portrayals in the films. Demonizing Arabs does not even have to be logical. The tile â€Å"Reel Bad Arabs† is not even intelligible nor have any shade of logos in it but its producers knew that it does not have to be reasonable or logical in the presentation of its film to have an audience. Hollywood knows that when people’s pathos are awakened, the logos can be overshadowed because the audience are already entertained by capitalizing and feeding on their fears. This fear was even made into humor by Leslie Nielsen in the film â€Å"An American Carol† where Leslie

Religion in Indonesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion in Indonesia - Essay Example The Indonesian population is estimated to be 88 percent Muslims, 5.8 percent Protestants, 2.9 percent Catholics, 2 percent Hindus and 0.9 percent Buddhism (Slater, 2004). According to the Indonesian Constitution (McLeod & McIntyre 2007, pp 91): â€Å"the state is based on belief in One God† And,â€Å"the state guarantees the freedom of all residents to worship according to their own religion and beliefs† Although this is written in the constitution, the government does not show as much tolerance, as it acknowledges just five religions: Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, and Buddhism (Gort, Jansen & Vroom, 2004). Religion in Indonesia was considered to be a complicated and unpredictable matter in the beginning of the 1990s. It could not be evaluated without difficulty in terms of social rank, location or race. Even though Islam, Christianity (Roman Catholicism and Protestantism), Hinduism, Buddhism and other religions had a part in affecting the different parts of life, the Indonesian government did not allow religious parties to play a part in politics. The government assured acceptance of some particular religions (agama) which were monotheistic. These religions included Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism. However, these were only tolerated provided that they did not enter the political arena. Since the mid 1970s the government of Indonesia has officially recognized five religions that are mentioned above. Indonesia happens to be the most heavily populated nation with Muslims, globally (Forshee, 2006); about 88 percent of the Indonesians are Muslims (Slater, 2004). In the country, several of the provinces and islands consisted of a majority of the population being Islamic adherents. The range was from more than 50 percent in Kalimantan Bara and Maluku provinces to the degree 97.8 percent in the Special Region of Aceh. In Indonesia the two sects of Christianity, Protestantism and Roman Catholicism, are acknowledged as two separate religions. The Christians in Indonesia are in a minority. Around 5.8 percent of the Indonesians are Protestants while 2.9 percent are Catholics. Then there is Hinduism. The certified figure of Hindus in Indonesia is 10m (2007). According to this figure, Indonesia is globally the fourth largest country with Hindus. Just like Islam and Buddhism, Hinduism was also very much changed so as to suit the Indonesian culture. Even though the caste system existed in form, it was not at all strictly put in practice. Mahabharata and the Ramayana were the Hindu religious classics and they were made permanent cultures amongst the Indonesian followers (Forshee, 2006). They expressed it through shadow puppet and dance presentations. Sikhs are recorded as Hindus in Indonesia due to the fact that the country does not recognize Sikhism as a religion (Kesavapany, Mani & Ramasamy, 2008). The last of the fifth official religion is Buddhism which happens to be the second oldest religion in Indonesia. The 1990 national census showed that greater than 1 percent of the Indonesian population follow Buddhism as their religion. Initially Buddhism was a scholarly doctrine and just slightly related to the paranormal. However, there have now been plenty of changes in it due to politics as well as the individual emotive wish to be protected from the so many fears by a supreme divinity. In several manners, Buddhism is very much distinctive, with every human being responsible for his own person. Any person can perform meditation by himself and does not require any

Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Describing a Poem Assignment

Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Describing a Poem - Assignment Example Besides, the speaker intelligently creates a figurative approach using the shoe as an explanation of the restriction of her freedom. According to the speaker, shoes limits feet movement inside and so is her daddy (Holbrook 12). Notably, the speaker sounds bitter and portrays her revenge towards the mistreatment she receives from male counterparts. Additionally, the beginning of this first stanza sets a remorseful environment that is sustained across the entire poem. While the writer appears to direct her bitterness and regrets towards her daddy, it should be clear that the daddy represents male category in the society that has continued derail freedom to the female counterparts. The entire poem is full of metaphors that include black shoe, like a Nazi, like a Swastika and like a Vampire. The terms are intelligently used to summarize the views of the speaker towards male species. In her world, she finds men barbaric, cruel, just like Nazi, and she describes herself figuratively as a jew (Holbrook 12). Historically, Jews were racial persecuted during the harsh German rule through killing, maiming and racial cleansing. Surprisingly, the speaker plays this victim role and curses her daddy for high-handedness that described her earlier

The place of anonymity in theories of crowd behaviour Essay Example for Free

The place of anonymity in theories of crowd behaviour Essay Explain the place of anonymity in theories of crowd behaviour. Is it always associated with a ‘loss of self’ (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012, p. 13)? This essay will start by explaining the concept of anonymity and how it is used in theories of crowd behaviour namely the contagion, deindividuation theory and social identity theory. Later the essay will focus on critical discussion comparing the above theories in terms of how they perceive anonymity and the loss of self. It will highlight the similarities between Le Bon’s theory and the deidividuation theory but will also point out some of their differences. The essay will also offer the account of the social identity theory which does not see the crowd behaviour as associated with the loss of self and explains it differently in terms of social identity. The essay will also present evidence to support these claims. The crowd behaviour theories are concerned with how individuals experience being a part of a large group and how this in turn influences their feelings and behaviour. Crowd psychologists would argue that the experience of being a part of a large group necessarily means that a sense of anonymity is created. This anonymity then allows individuals in the crowd to feel somehow ‘safe’ in terms of what they are able to do or say without being directly responsible for it. However different theories view the concept of anonymity differently. Le Bon argued that the concept of anonymity in the crowd is not beneficial at all. In fact he viewed the crowds as dangerous because individuals lose their rationality which is substituted by a ‘group mind’ and as such crowds are a threat to social hierarchy (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012, p. 5). According to Le Bon the experience of being in the crowd involves anonymity thus the individuals are not responsible for their actions and feel a part of the collective therefore are more likely to get influenced by ideas that are sweeping through the crowd a concept Le Bon called the contagion. This anonymity then leads the individuals to behave in an aggressive and primitive way. The deindividuation theory outlook on anonymity is a bit different. Whilst deindividuation theory would agree with Le Bon on the fact  that crowd behaviour generates anonymity and leads individuals to believe that they are not personally accountable for their actions in the crowd, the idea of a ‘ group mind’ is dismissed. Instead Festinger, Pepitone and Newcomb argue that the sense of anonymity individuals experience in the crowds is a psychological shift in individual’s self perception which is clearly measurable (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012, p. 6.). From the perspective of the social identity theory crowd behaviour is not necessarily connected with anonymity and the loss of self. According to Tajfel and Turner the loss of self in the crowd behaviour is replaced by the social identity which is constrained by shared social norms amongst the group. Tajfel argues that we posses not just one individual identity but also a social one in terms that we belong to various social groups and share and accept their norms and values. In this light the social identity theory would argue that individuals do not lose their sense of self in the crowd rather they are more constrained by the shared group norms and as such cannot feel anonymous. It could be argued that Le Bon’s concept of contagion and the deindividuation theory have some similarities. They both start with the assumption that the crowd behaviour involves anonymity which is associated with the loss of self to a certain degree. Both of these theories also agree on the fact that the crowd behaviour alters individual’s feelings and behaviour and makes them more impulsive and less accountable for their actions. However both of the theories use different concept to explain this behaviour. Whilst Le Bon explains the crowd behaviour with the concept of the ‘group mind’ which takes over a rational individual’s mind and leads them to be aggressive and primitive (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012, p. 5), Festinger et al. use the concept of deindividuation to explain the psychological shift in individual’s mind whilst being part of the crowd. Another similarity between the concept of contagion and deindividuation is their perception of crowds being somewhat negative in their nature. Le Bon argues that crowds are dangerous in terms of their primitiveness and possible uncontrolled aggression. These features of crowd behaviour according to Le Bon pose a threat to the social hierarchy and as such should  be controlled and prevented (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012, p. 5). Similarly the deindividuation theories would suggest that the effects of crowd behaviour on the individual are negative in a sense that they lead to increased aggression. Zimbardo focused on the links between anonymity and aggression in his experiment with administering the electric shocks and the findings suggested that anonymity had indeed intensified the aggression. Zimbardo explained this phenomenon as a ‘diffusion of responsibility’ and saw it as a by-product of deindividuation. According to Zimbardo being part of crowd (or a social group) makes individuals feel like they are protected by the anonymity surrounding them and therefore they do not feel a moral responsibility for their actions which leads them to being more violent and aggressive. In the light of the evidence presented by Zimbardo it could be argued that anonymity is indeed associated with the loss of self. On the other hand there are differences to be found between these theories and their outlook on the loss of self. Whilst Le Bon and his concept of contagion and to some degree deindividuation theories would argue that crowds are not beneficial, the social identity theory would present evidence to argue otherwise. As Tajfel and Turner argue crowd behaviour is not necessarily associated with the loss of self rather there is a shift from the individual’s sense of self to the collective one. Social identity theorists do not see this feature of crowd behaviour as negative but rather they explain crowd behaviour in terms of its uniformity and spontaneity. According to the social identity theorists the fact that people belong to a certain social group creates constraints and forces the individuals to behave in a way that is acceptable and shared within the members of the group. As such the social groups act in a way which is more uniformed and predictable than the individuals themselves. Furthermore the social identity theorists would point out that thanks to the concept of ‘inductive categorization’ the crowds behaviour can be seen as socially coordinated. This concept can be explained using an example of football fans behaviour during the football match where there is no leader who orders the fans to sing and cheer at the same time. Rather if one of the fans starts singing or chanting the others join in because of the ‘inductive categorization’ within this particular social group. The evidence to challenge the claim that anonymity in crowd behaviour is always associated with a loss of self can be found in a research conducted by Reicher on the St. Pauls riots. Reicher argued that the riots were no random acts of violence as Le Bon or deindividuation theory would suggest, rather the rioters directed their violence towards specific targets and kept them geographically confined to the relevant area. This suggests that the rioter’s behaviour was uniformed and predictable and therefore fits in the explanation of the social identity theory. Further evidence can be found in the research of Reicher and Stott on the London riots in 2011. From the perspective of the deidividuation and Le Bon’s theory the riots were explained as a prime example of a ‘group mind’ taking over any rationality and resulting in violence and aggression. According to these theories the individuals lost their identity in the crowd hence their responsibility and behaved like primitive animals. However different perspective is offered by the social identity theorists. Reicher and Stott argued that the rioters did not lose their identities in the riots but rather they switched to the social identity which resulted in a collective action. The rioters were not random criminals but were members of the social community with a shared ideas and goals. The actions of the rioters were not random but they were directed at the symbols of authority suggesting collective and uniformed action which was designed to fight inequality. The social identity theorists would therefore argue that there is no such concept as a loss of self in the cr owd behaviour rather there is a shift to a social identity which is distinguished by its collectiveness and uniformity. In summary then it could be argued that from the perspective of the deindividuation theory and Le Bon’s theory, anonymity in crowd behaviour is associated with the loss of self. Le Bon and his concept of contagion argue that individuals in crowd lose their ability to think rationally and are consumed by the ‘group mind’. Deindividuation theories argue for the psychological shift in individual’s mind which is caused by crowd’s anonymity and leads to irrationality and aggression. Zimbardo’s experiment on the diffusion of responsibility certainly suggests this. On the other hand the social identity theory and its explanation of the crowd behaviour  argue strongly against the concept of the loss of the self. This perspective suggests that social groups are far more constrained by its shared social norms to be irrational. Social identity theorists view the crowd behaviour as a positive force in the social change.

Biography of Annointed Gifts Essay Example for Free

Biography of Annointed Gifts Essay Annointed Gifts was established in September of 2006 by Rev. Dr. Johnnie E. Jordan Sr. Through Pastor Jordans’ vision he brought forth six anointed young men to spread the word of God through their musical talent of playing instruments, and their special talent of vocals. Minister Nelton Shorter Jr. (Jay-Jay) who is the minister of music at his home church Union Second Baptist been playing keyboard, singing gospel( songwriting) for over twenty years. Davell Davis (Ace) who is the minister of music at his home church Rising Star C. O.G.I.C. been playing keyboard and singing(songwriting) gospel for over fifteen years. Christopher Jordan has been playing drums, singing(songwriting ), for the lord under the leadership of his father and pastor of Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. for over twentyfive years. Paul Washington plays lead guitar at Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. and has been playing singing(songwriting) Gospel for over thirty years. Clarence Trotter received his calling at an early age. He has been playing bass guitar singing(songwriting) Gospel for over twenty years. Marvin Jordan began to get involved as an audio technician and sound check person at Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. in 1986. He has over twenty years of experience in audio engineering In the short time that Annointed Gifts been together, they have been fortunate blessed to perform with some of the big names of gospel quartet. They performed with The Williams Brothers, The Mighty Clouds of Joy at The Detroit Opera House .They also performed out of state as well as all over the Michigan area with some of gospel greats such as Doc McKenzie The Hi-Lites,The Pilgrim Jubilees,Keith Wonderboy Johnson, Dewayne Watkins former member of Canton Spirituals, Park Stewart former member of Commission, Darius Twyman , George Dean The Gospel Four, Evelyne Turrtine’ Agee and even received great reviews from the Legendary Spanky. Annointed Gifts is truly a blessing from heaven abling them to pass on Gods’ message through song and praises.

Marketing Strategies Used By Lic Commerce Essay

Marketing Strategies Used By Lic Commerce Essay Life Insurance Corporation of India was established in 1956. It comprises of 8 zonal offices and 101 divisional offices. LIC is fully government-owned. It provides individual insurance, group insurance and pension plans. The subsidiaries of life insurance corporation of India are LIC International, LIC Nepal, LIC Lanka, LIC Housing Finance. MARKETING STRATEGIES USED BY LIC LIC followed these strategies It got the first mover advantage. There was intense product differentiation. Market segmentation was done intensely to include people of almost all ages. LIC took help of advertisements to promote its brand value. They have used creative slogans so that they can hit the customers mindset. Attacked customers emotionally with these slogans. It avoids any interference w.r.t communication to the customers and reduces the number of advertisement agencies so that the correct message reaches all the customers so that the main objectives are fulfilled. SWOT ANALYSIS OF LIC Strength It ranks first amongst the insurance companies. After sales service, long term plans hold the most importance. Provides employment to 1,15,000 people Has around 2000 branches across India and 10,00,000 agents. Weakness since it is government-owned, therefore ther is very little innovation. gets affected by bureaucracy and red tape. it becomes difficult to manage the huge workforce in the times of economic crises. Opportunity Effective service can be provided to the urban sector with more use of technology. It can involve good brand proportion. There has to be proper implementation of the government schemes. Threats It poses threat since the government policies keep changing. The entry of insurance sector. BCG MATRIX OF LIC Market Growth highStar Jeevan anand Money plus policy Pension plus Question mark New Bima Nivesh New Jeevan Shree lowCash cow Group Scheme Health Plans Dog Amulya Jeevan l o w h i g h R e l a t i v e M a r k e t S h a r e DOG- it means low share of low market growth with no cash generation at all. It might even lead to break-even. Eg- Amulya Jeevan CASH COW- it means high share of low market growth, there is economic profit and even funds other brands. Eg- Group schemes and health schemes. QUESTION MARK- it means low share of high market growth and it consume resources. Eg- New bima nivesh and new jeevan shree. STAR-there is high market share and high market growth, there is high cost and low profit and it generates high profit. Eg- Jeevan anand, pension plans and money plus policy. PORTERS FIVE FORCES OF LIC BARGAINING POWER OF CUSTOMERS THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS COMPETITIVE RIVALRY WITHIN AN INDUSTRY THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Customer satisfaction refers to the phenomenon which shows how much the customers are satisfied the product or the services provided by the agencies. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF LIC : It encourage face-to-face dealing with the customers. It includes responding to the messages promptly and keeping all the clients well-informed. It is readily approachable and amicable in this tough competition with the other insurance players. The customer service policy must be clearly stated and well-defined. MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Macro-environment :The company and all the other actors operate in a large macro environment that shapes the opportunities and pose threat to the company. Major forces are : Demographic -since literacy and education increases employability, higher earning jobs also bring the change in perception about the need for insurance. Economic -Inflation rate: High inflation reduces the insurance business particularly life insurance quota, because the real value of money decreases with with increase in inflation rate. Technological more innovative channels like bank, post office, ATMs should be introduced. political and legal -IRDA act, 1999: bill allowed for 26% for an equity participation in the insurance sector. cultural -The work culture in the organisation was sloppy and strong trade union made it difficult for managers so that the job is done. Micro-environment: It consist of five components: Organising Internal Environment: Its several departments and management levels Marketing Channel Firm: Supplier and marketing intermediaries within it It consists of 5 types of markets in which organization can sell: consumer, producer, reseller, government and the international market Competitors Basically the other insurance companies like, Tata AIG, Bajaj Alliance, etc. All types of publics that have an actual interest in the organization ability to achieve its goal. CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR First, let us know what influences consumer buying behaviour. They are:- Cultural factors Social Factors, and Personal factors Cultural factors: -LIC is a trusted brand in India and is totally owned by the government. -There can be unnatural events like death, sudden crisis, etc. Social Factors: -LIC focuses on both the reference group and family status of the people. -In joint families, there is less stress on buying behaviour. Personal factors: -LIC has different insurance plans according to the needs of the people concerning their age, lifestyle, values, personality and wealth. Key psychological process: -LIC has always motivated the customers by its influential insurance plans and its offers. People has a perception of buying LIC because it is government-owned and is considered number one in paying claims. SEGMENTATION, POSITIONING AND TARGETTING Segmentation: LIC in India was divided into 2 basic segments: individuals and corporate people. The first segment comprised of individual customers. It is further divided into four sub-segments protection, investment, savings and pension. Protection products gives only protection to the different customers from risk. These dont provide any savings facility to the policyholder. Investment products offer long-term investment growth and insurance cover. Savings products like endowment and money back policies provide both protection and investment benefits. Pension policies are products offered to the customers as income during their years of retirement after they quit their respective jobs. The corporate segment was divided into three sub-segments protection, statutory savings and pension. Down the line, LIC catered to both individual and corporate segments. Individual insurance policies include Endowment Policies, Money Back Policies, Term Assurance Plans, Periodic Money Back Plans and Joint Life Plans. The corporate policies include group insurance schemes such as group gratuity schemes, group term insurance schemes, group savings linked insurance scheme and group leave encashment schemes. Targetting: Targeting is the actual selection of the segment you want to serve the target market is the group of people or organizations whose needs a product is specifically designed to satisfy. LIC mainly targets children who are basically into schooling, people in earning periods and senior citizens who have got retired from their respective services. It not only targets the urban people but also the rural people. Positioning: Positioning is a marketing strategy so that people can form a mental image of the product in their minds (relative to other products). LIC positions itself as the most sort after insurance company providing financial solutions to the people. It is very popular among the people because it is government owned. BRAND EQUITY LIC has done a good job in reinforcing its brand image of the folded hands to the people. It is readily trusted by the people as it is one of the most oldest insurance player in the country. Its tagline ZINDAGI KE SAATH BHI ZINDAGI KI BAAD BHI has gained popularism not only in urban but also in rural areas. The slogan of LIC is Yogakshemam Vahamyaham which translates from Sanskrit to Your welfare is our responsibility. The literal translation from Sanskrit to English is I carry what you require. The slogan, written in Devanagiri script, is found below the hands holding the lamp. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE QUESTIONNAIRE MARKETING SURVEY PERSONAL INFORMATION NAME: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. ADDRESS: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. CITY: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..STATE: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ PINCODE: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. GENDER: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ MOBILE NO.: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ MAIL ID: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Please tick (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) in the boxes, as relevant: What is your major reason for opting LIC as an investment policy? Investment Insurance Investment and insurance If others, please specify à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Does anyone else in your family have any kind of policy? Yes No If yes, please provide the details of the LIC policy your family is currently using. Termà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Maturity yearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Premiumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Insurance coverage amountà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Why did you opt for this particular LIC policy? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Have you ever been hospitalized in the last 3 years? Yes No If yes, what was the reason for getting hospitalized? Also, please state the expenses that you incurred during the hospitalization. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ What is the current amount of premium per month that you are paying in this policy? Less than Rs 500 Rs 500 Rs 1000 Rs 1001 Rs 2000 Rs 2001 Rs 4000 More than Rs 4000 Have you ever bought an insurance policy from any one of the following companies? TATA AIG life insurance LIC of India Metlife Birla Sunlife Insurance If yes, then please mention the type of policy that you bought à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Do you currently own a life insurance policy? Yes No If yes, which of the following policy is it? Term insurance Permanent life insurance Whole life insurance Universal life insurance Limited pay life insurance Endowments Accidental death Others Have you made a claim on your existing insurance policy? If yes, please mention the type and amount of claim? Yes No Type of claimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Amount of claimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. How much is your current insurance cover per month? Less than Rs 10000 Rs 10001 Rs 25000 Rs 25001 Rs 50000 More than Rs 50000 Are you satisfied with your insurance policy? Yes No Are you looking for a better LIC policy? Yes No THANK YOU FOR YOUR VALUABLE TIME AND PATIENCE.  Ã…  Ã‚ Ã…  Ã‚ Ã…  Ã‚ Ã…  

Parkinson’s Disease Essay -- Medicine Health Biology Research

Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease is a disease with a wide variety of disabilities recognizable as changes in appearance, posture, walking, and balance. In 1817, the English physician James Parkinson described these symptoms in his patients and has had his name become synonymous with the disease. In 1893 the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia was identified as an area of disease for Parkinson’s. Examination with the naked eye reveals a lack of black pigment in this portion of the brainstem. Subsequent follow up with the microscope showed a deterioration of the nerve cells in this area. The circuitous relationship between the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia explains many of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Today the cause of the disease remains unknown, however, the biochemistry is well documented and recently discovered neurotoxins have us hot on the trail of this disease. Portions of the cerebellum are involved in the control of posture and balance and also modulate voluntary movement. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum interact with the cerebral cortex through a series of feedback circuits. The dentate and interpositus nuclei of the cerebellum project to the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus, which also receives projections from the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. Recent evidence indicates, however, that none of these projections overlap in the ventral lateral nucleus. The ventral lateral nucleus projects to the primary motor and supplementary motor areas of the cerebral cortex. In turn, the motor cortex and other regions of the cerebrum project to the striatum to enter the basal ganglia circuit. Moreover, the motor cortex projects to the pons to enter the cerebellar circuit, includ... ...c hope. Bibliography: 1. Barbeau, Andre and Fletcher McDowell L-Dopa and Parkinsonism, (F.A. Davis Company, 1970) 2. Calne, Donald B., Parkinsonism: Physiology, Pharmacology and treatment. (Edward Arnold Publishers LTD, 1970) 3. Langston, J. W., MPTP induced Parkinson’s syndrome. Science, Vol. 219, No.2, March 1983, 133-140 4. Pleet, A. B., Newly-diagnosed Parkinson’s disease: a therapeutic update. Geriatrics, Vol. 1, No. 47, January 1992, 24-29 5. Shoushu, Jiao, Long-term correction of rat model of Parkinson’s disease by gene therapy. Nature, Vol. 362, No. 2, April 1, 1993, 450-453. 6. Langston, J. William, The next frontier: Presymptomatic detection. Geriatrics, Aug. 1991: 5-7 7. Jenner, P. Clues to the mechanism underlying dopamine cell death in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. (1989): 22-28 Parkinson’s Disease Essay -- Medicine Health Biology Research Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease is a disease with a wide variety of disabilities recognizable as changes in appearance, posture, walking, and balance. In 1817, the English physician James Parkinson described these symptoms in his patients and has had his name become synonymous with the disease. In 1893 the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia was identified as an area of disease for Parkinson’s. Examination with the naked eye reveals a lack of black pigment in this portion of the brainstem. Subsequent follow up with the microscope showed a deterioration of the nerve cells in this area. The circuitous relationship between the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia explains many of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Today the cause of the disease remains unknown, however, the biochemistry is well documented and recently discovered neurotoxins have us hot on the trail of this disease. Portions of the cerebellum are involved in the control of posture and balance and also modulate voluntary movement. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum interact with the cerebral cortex through a series of feedback circuits. The dentate and interpositus nuclei of the cerebellum project to the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus, which also receives projections from the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. Recent evidence indicates, however, that none of these projections overlap in the ventral lateral nucleus. The ventral lateral nucleus projects to the primary motor and supplementary motor areas of the cerebral cortex. In turn, the motor cortex and other regions of the cerebrum project to the striatum to enter the basal ganglia circuit. Moreover, the motor cortex projects to the pons to enter the cerebellar circuit, includ... ...c hope. Bibliography: 1. Barbeau, Andre and Fletcher McDowell L-Dopa and Parkinsonism, (F.A. Davis Company, 1970) 2. Calne, Donald B., Parkinsonism: Physiology, Pharmacology and treatment. (Edward Arnold Publishers LTD, 1970) 3. Langston, J. W., MPTP induced Parkinson’s syndrome. Science, Vol. 219, No.2, March 1983, 133-140 4. Pleet, A. B., Newly-diagnosed Parkinson’s disease: a therapeutic update. Geriatrics, Vol. 1, No. 47, January 1992, 24-29 5. Shoushu, Jiao, Long-term correction of rat model of Parkinson’s disease by gene therapy. Nature, Vol. 362, No. 2, April 1, 1993, 450-453. 6. Langston, J. William, The next frontier: Presymptomatic detection. Geriatrics, Aug. 1991: 5-7 7. Jenner, P. Clues to the mechanism underlying dopamine cell death in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. (1989): 22-28

The Lords of Discipline - Life in a Military Academy Essay -- essays r

The Lords of Discipline - Life in a Military Academy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To the average person, school is a place to learn where one may speak their mind freely, yet stay orderly through a light set of values and order. In The Lords of Discipline, we learn of a different type of school. The Institute is a military academy with rigorous mental and physical standards, and very straight-forward and rigid policies. What is learned at the Institute is to stay loyal to your classmates. The upperclassmen do their best to keep this primary rule imbedded in the minds of the plebe’s. In this story, we learn about an open-minded student at the academy whose own pride and determination allows him to stay in the system and not give up. He disagrees with the ways of the academy, but finds himself able to deal wit...

Pollution Problems Concerning the Long Island Sound Essay -- Water Pol

"The Long Island Sound is a national treasure, to be prized for its beauty, abundant and diverse resources, and recreational and commercial opportunities" (Long Island Sound Study). It is true that for many of the residents of the area the Long Island Sound is a source of inspiration and renewal. The Sound is widely believed to be the most substantial natural component adding to the beauty of the entire island. The Long Island Sound provides more then just beautiful scenery, but crucial natural elements that aide both human and animal residents. Despite all that the sound provides, it suffers many of the same problems as most natural features, pollution. The sound is a crucial part in maintaining the quality of life on Long Island, so its protection, preservation, and restoration are imperative. The Long Island Sound is an estuary, and is in fact one of the largest in the world. An estuary is a place where salt water from the ocean mixes with fresh water from the rivers that drain from the land. Moreover, like other estuaries, the Long Island Sound has an abundance of fish and other waterfowl that add to the natural balance of the island, as well as one of the most important economic factors (Tedesco). Like other estuaries around the world, the Sound provides breeding, feeding, nesting, and nursery areas for many species that will spend most of their adult lives in the oceans (Long Island Sound Study). Despite these similarities to other estuaries, the Long Island Sound is unique from anywhere else in the world. Unlike other estuaries, the Long Island Sound does not just have one connection to the sea but it has two. It has two major sources of fresh water flowing into the bay that empty into the ocean. It combines this two-... ...rogen In Wastewater To Protect A Region's Waterways." BioCycle 44 (2003): 18. BigChalk. 20 Oct. 2005. Fagin, Dan. "Ancient, Clean, Controversial." Newsday 21 Sept. 2005. Joe, Brancatelli. "What Is Polluting Our Beaches?" Popular Science 1 Mar. 2003. Database. 23 Oct. 2005. Long Island Sound Study. 28 Oct. 2005 . Save The Sound. 2 Nov. 2005 . Spiegal, Jan E. "Unsound Proposal?: Concern On The Coast, Classical Conflict Again Unfolds: Energy vs. Environment." Hartford Courant 16 Oct. 2005, 3 Stars/Final ed., sec. A. Bigchalk Database. 8 Nov. 2005. Tedesco, Mark A. "This Fine Piece of Water: An Environmental History of Long Island Sound." Journal of the American Planning Association 69 (2003): 321. BigChalk. 9 Nov. 2005. The Sound Book. 8 Nov. 2005 .

Development Strategy of Luxury Company Essay

1. Introduction â€Å"As long as there is a society, there will always be fashion†. It was not surprised a fashion brands, especially a luxury fashion brands became a national treasure which effect the issues in business, political and social area in European countries. Since the Hermas established in 1837, a special development strategy model has formed and matured in European luxury group. Daniele de winter, the CEO of Daniele de Winter Cosmetics state that â€Å"the secret of successful fashion management is a complete blend of creative genius and business management acumen, skill and resourcefulness†. The develop strategy is the key issue for a successful luxury fashion company. With the development of economy and the increase of income, more and more luxury fashion companies expand their business into Asia- Pacific region, especially the Hong Kong and mainland China market. According to the annual report of Richemont, The Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR), Hemes, Bulberry and other luxury fashion companies, the sale revenue of Asia- Pacific region accounts for more than 30% of the Group total revenue. The Change of Global Luxury Fashion Market. The word â€Å"luxury† origin from Latin word â€Å"luxuria†, which means an item that â€Å"is expensive and enjoyable but no essential (Waite, 2012)†. In 186 BCE, the victory of army of Gnaeus Manlius Vulso brought such overseas luxury as bronze couches, and costly cloth spreads into Rome. For some Roman historians, the triumph of Vulso marked as the beginning of luxury industry in Europe. With the development of centres, modern luxury fashion industry has become a cross-sectors industry which offers high price goods and service for target consumers. However, in the space of two decades, the modern luxury market has changed beyond recognition. The narrow range of need and demand of target consumers and the exclusive- distribution channels, represented by French Fashion, have been replaced by a mass industry, accompanied by expansion brands with an affordable price by a wider range of consumers. Since the beginning of 1990s, the luxury industry has been recognised and restructured by designers and the fashion designers become the creator of art. According to the statistics from France Economic and Social Council in 2008 (France Economic and Social Council, 2008), with the strategy of â€Å"physical shop/ store† and expansion brands benefit seven million euros. Depending on the diversion and internationalisation, the luxury industry becomes an industry with wider consumers. For example, Hemes, managed by Jean-Louis Dumas, diversities their goods and creates new products. The French luxury manufacture gets a successful on brand art by purchasing crystal brand Saint Louis and Silversmith Puiforcat. Similarly, Richemont Family, the main competitor of French brand, also control numbers of brands, such as Carites, Baume & Mercier and Van Cleef & Arpells. The second change of luxury industry is the transformation from the handmade custom to industrial standardisation. Taking LVMH as example, there are three cores of product, as wines and spirit, luggage and leather, and fashion and perfume industry. The famous brands in luxury world, like as Moet & Chandon, Loewe, Vuitton, Givenchy, Kenzo, Dior and Guerlain, standardise the products like other heavy industries. Along with the profit-seeking financial logic, the marketing and the product standardisation become the major notion with the concept of large-scale product. In the new centre, the concept of luxury industry and the demand of consumers are changing all the time. â€Å"Heritage and Prestige† is the landmark of lots of luxury brands and the enduring value of numbers of particular brands. Comparing with the old style luxury brand â€Å"which used to be a heritage brand† (Coste-Maniere, et al. , 2012), the new concept of luxury, developed by Louis Vuitton and Burberry, means accepted by more consumers. For the occasional customers, they just enjoy the â€Å"right of luxury† in physical store against with the traditional customer-exclusive. In the new era, increasing the number of customers buy the fashion product they could afford, rather than become the royal consumer due to the high price. Consequently, emphasis of consumer need and the competitive advantage means centralising the core value and expending brand boundary simultaneously. 2. 2 The Development Strategy Model of Luxury Fashion Brand The luxury fashion brand originate in European countries which have plentiful historical and cultural background. With the development of servial centres, the luxury fashion industry in European, American and Japanese have become mature and standarlisation. Under this circumstance, the strategy of luxury development in western countries centralize on the brand expansion, striving for the core products and development of brand reputation. 2. 2. 1 Brand Expansion: the Foundational Strategy Under the press of financial-seeking strategy and the changeable of luxury market, the old style luxury fashion brand faces the challenge of development in the mature market in traditional European, American and Japanese region. Under this circumstance, the expansion of brands has become the foundational strategy for a large number of luxury fashion corporates, which offer a new opportunity to stress the brand image, the most significant assets for a luxury fashion company. (Albrecht, et al. , 2013; Uggla & Lashgari, 2012; Hoffmann & Coste-Maniere, 2012)Many luxury companies breakthrough the traditional product boundary and expensed their business into new market segmentations. For instance, Louis Vuitton, beginning with luggage, invested in other creative spheres: ready-to-wear industry as well as jewellery market (LVMH, 2012), and Gucci, beginning with leather goods, developed all sets of fashion products including leather goods, shoes, ready-to-wear, watches, jewellery and other products. (PPR, 2012). Meanwhile, there are some companies expensed segments into non-traditional area. For example, the luxury jewellery manufacture Bulgari and Italian brand Versace started to offer hotel under their brand (LVMH, 2012) and Armani provide different products from books, furniture and chocolates to restaurants, bars and spas. The another Italian luxury brand, Roberro Cavalli, famous for its fashion apparel for young generation, offer wine and vodka as well as run coffee bar (The Cavalli Caffe) and club (The Cavalli Club). 2. 2. 2 Striving for the Core: The Product Strategy For a global corporate, it is common rules of development depend on the core production or service and then diversification. However, even as diversification, the excellence core production and the strongest sectors within the luxury brands continued to earn the majority of its profits from the traditional products. (Ahrendts, 2013; Beverland, 2005; Miller & Mills, 2012). For luxury consumer, they expect to acquire a honorable brands and product so that they emphase on the value of core heritage. The leather goods, the core of Gucci Group, earn 59% of its revenue in 2012 (PPR, 2012). The iconic luggage is the tradition from the time corporate was founded and become the brand image of the LVMH Group. (LVMH, 2011) The turning of Burberry from a ageing British brand to a global luxury brand is a successful product strategy transition. Before 2006, through in a burgeoning global market. Burberry faced a low growth at a rate of 2 percentage every year and two competitors – LVMH and PPR had more than 12 times and 16 times Burberry’s sale revenue. By surving the sectors among Burberry products all over the world, the results indicate the outerwear, as the core, only accourted of 20% of Burberry’s global brand business. Figure 1: the Facts and Financial Statistics of Burberry (Resource from: Burberry, Yahoo Finance) [pic] After brainstorming and formalizing from the administrative board, the New Jersey factore which is making polo shirts was closed and invested in the Casteford factory in Yorkshire which make the heritage trech coat included traditional rainwear and exclusive waterproof gabardine. Burberry also hire Christopher Bailey as the global designer for innovation of core products. The facts and financial statistic of Burberry from 2006 to 2012 in Figure 1 showed that the decision to focus on the heritage opened up a wealth of creativity. By the end of 2012, the sale revenues and operating income had doubled than previous 5 years, achieving $3 billion and $600 billion respectively. (Burberry, 2007; Burberry, 2012) 2. 2. 3 The Brand Reputation: The Brand Strategy The brand is the most valuable part of luxury goods and the motivity of luxury consumption. Once separating from the luxury brand, the goods is the ordinary one. Every successful company sees the brand as the most valuable fortune. they use the advanced marketing logic and marketing operation to motivate the development, explore approaches to express the value and connotation of brands to luxury consumers and attract the royality of customers. As a tool of art, a carrier of history, and a spirit of classic, building-up a high quiality reputation is brand strategy for luxury companies. Since founded in 1847, Cartier, as one of the most established name in the jewellay market, is the reference of ture and timeless luxury. Designing by Cartier, the product distinguishes itself by the unique skills and excellence in design and execution. Nearly in 30 years, the extensive art activities are not competitive without the support by the Foundation Crtier pour l’Art Contemporain (Richemont, 2013). With the development of brand reputation, Cartier is the synonym of modern art and a pioneering approach. Meanwhile, most of luxury brands come from the centre of Renaissance 2. 3 The Features of Chinese Luxury Market Chinese market places the second place in the world of luxury consumption, surpassing the United States since 2008. Along with Japan, China is the strongest market with the increasing demand of 20 percentages. The consulting report from Glob Advantage estimate there are 18 thousand billionaires, 440 thousand multimillionaires and increasing the number of middle class achieving 250 million in 2015 in today’s China (Degen, 2009), which have the strong purchase power and need of luxury fashion industry. Even with the influence of the financial crisis, the sale revenue of luxury fashion in the mainland China rose by 16 percent, reaching about 64 billion RMB. The market research about Chinese market laid a foundation for the development and expansion strategy of luxury brands. The shifting attitudes to luxury brands, the greater sophistication of Chinese consumers and the new geographic markets have become the main features of Chinese luxury market. The three characteristics drive the global strategy of development for luxury brands. Figure 2 According to the survey of McKinsey & Company (KPMG, 2013), with the rapidly increase of income, more and more Chinese consumers shifts the attitude to luxury and feel comfortable to purchasing luxury products. The rich consumers which income over 300,000 RMB continued occupy the majority of the luxury purchase. Meanwhile, the statistics show that, the upper middle class (between 100,000 RMB and 200,000 RMB), which account for 22% of luxury goods purchase by the end of 2015, as the Figure 2 suggested, offers the biggest new growth opportunity. 2. 3. 1 The increasing number of overseas travel In the information era, Chinese consumers have become more sophisticated than before. With the surge in the number of luxury stores, fashion magazine, the Web official site and the use of social media, Chinese consumers familiar with the luxury brands with the help of Internet, overseas travel, and the first-hand experience. For example, the research result indicated that in the last 12 months, the Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macro and Europe become the main destinations of overseas luxury purchase. Figure 3: Where did you purchase your cosmetics in the last 12 months? (Resource from: Global Reach of China Luxury of KPMG) [pic] 2. 3. 2 The increase of new market segmentation The rapidly growth of urbanisation and individual wealth emerge large quantity of geographic markets with sizable pools of luxury-goods consumptions. The luxury purchase and sale revenue of some medium and small cities, such as Qingdao in Shandong province and Wuxi in Zhejiang province, tripled than the previous 5 years. In the following years, the luxury consumption in these medium and small cities will achieve the same level with Hangzhou and Nanjing, the most developed market in mainland China, the sale of which will arrive at RMB 500 million yuan and account for 76% of whole market. 2. 3. 3 The increasing of Counterfeit goods Love for luxury, preference for counterfeit is a unique phenomenon in luxury consumption in Chinese luxury market. According to a report entitled â€Å"Transnational Organized Crime in East Asia and the Pacific† from Office on Drugs and Crime, almost 70% of global counterfeits luxury goods come from China and the value of counterfeit luxury goods imported into traditional luxury market on the order of $25 billion annually. In a confusion society , the luxury consumption of Chinese consumers become more irrationally than western consumer, which depended on the extenral need rather internal need (Zhang & Kim, 2013). For Chinese consumers, luxury brands are somethings â€Å"must to have† for them to reinforce their social status. however, the wealth gap between the rich and the poor in China is the largest all over the world, which offer the passion for consumption of luxury counterfeits. The young generation, aged 25 to 34 with limited budget for genuine luxury fashion goods, racked up nearly a quarter fo fake fanciers. 2. 4 The Passion for Luxury Consumption of Chinese consumers China is the second largest luxury market all over the world and attracting the attention of consumption of Chinese consumers. Under the influence of unique economic situation, cultural background and social factor, the behaviour of Chinese consumers in luxury fashion market have the distinctive characteristics. The bling factor influenced by economic situation, the saving face affected by the Confucianism and group orientation as the social factor drive the luxury consumption in Chinese fashion market. 2. 4. 1 The â€Å"Bling† Factor With the emerging of Internet, fashion magazines and social media, more and more Chinese consumers know the brands of luxury brands. However, the cultural concept and history of the luxury fashion brands are far away from numbers of Chinese luxury consumers. For many luxury fashion firms, there is not one typical luxury customer in China due to the different habits, different tastes and different income levels. The â€Å"bling† factor or following the whole market trend remains an important factor for the Chinese consumer in luxury fashion market. For example, according to luxury consumer report of Chinese market, almost 60 percent of the respondents in Tier 1 cities including Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai and other Tier 2 cities, stated that the key drivers for luxury consumption is the willingness to pay a product that just is popular or fashionable goods. Exclusivity or unique is an important understanding of luxury brand for Chinese consumption. There are about one fifth of customers consider that they will pay the luxury goods that are known and appreciated by the minority rather than the famous one. In terms of China’s unique cultural background, the Chinese consumers consider luxury brand value influenced by Confucianism. In the concept of Confucian, the notion of â€Å"mianzi† is defined as a reputation â€Å"achieved through getting on in through success and ostentation†. (Hu, 1944; Dong & Lee, 2007) The traditional cultural understanding and effecting about the face saving becomes the strongest and most conspicuous passion for luxury consumption, which means concerning about the impress to other and the visual display than the level of income. The Chinese consumer in luxury world trend to pay a premium product on the luxury brand rather than essential goods in daily life, due to strong desire and pressure of maintaining face. Taking the finding of KPMG as the example, comparing with the apparel, the stronger growth of market for fashion accessories is considerable. Nearly 40% of luxury consumers enjoy the luxury experiences and â€Å"the right of luxury† in a physical store/shop over purchases of luxury items. Overall, the face saving (saving mianzi) relates to the individual image of worth and reputation within a collectivism society. As the result, Chinese consumers are often careful not to lose face by standing out from the crowed when consuming luxury goods. The general strategy Although the market has its particular features, the development of luxury fashion strategy in Chinese luxury market is followed the general rules of luxury firms in global market. As the foundation strategy, the brand extension and production diversification also provide the base of the development in Chinese luxury market. The apparel, handbag, jewellery, fashion accessories and luxury servicers are offered in mainland China, especially in Tier 1 cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Promoting the sale revenue of the core products in mainland China, as the product strategy, enhances the brand awareness in Chinese market. Expanding the influence, luxury fashion firms invest large amount of money to popularize the brand reputation as a simple of elegance and grandeur as well as the means of fashion and art. The marketing strategy: raising brand awareness. Due to the lower brand awareness and lack of knowledge of brand value, the royalty of brand in Chinese market is lower than its in traditional European market. The special situation provides a strong externally powerful tool, which means not only expand the value of the luxury brand into a regular group of consumers, but also sway them making a purchase. In recent year, luxury fashion firm invest increasing the number of budget into Chinese market not only promote the brand awareness, but also help the consumers inform a notion about †luxury goods and luxury lifestyle† and why they should purchase luxury goods and luxury services. The brand building-up develop based not only the advertising on hard paper and television, also included the display on luxury goods exhibition and the customised publications. Nowadays, more and more luxury fashion goods exhibition held in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities, which offer a good opportunity for Chinese consumers to visit the luxury goods frequently displayed in store. Meanwhile, more and more consumers visiting the exhibition are not an onlooker. The localisation strategy. The luxury fashion brand with high brand awareness contain the European and American culture and value which is living standard of high level, the product and design of high quality. Those values accepted by and attract young generation who trend to, however, it is not accepted by all Chinese consumers who have their own value. Respecting to Chinese traditional culture and integrated it into the product value is the essential of luxury fashion business in China. For example, Louis Vuitton setting Du Juan, the one of top Chinese model all over the world, and advertising as the Chinese image step one right place on direction and help western luxury fashion companies overcome the cultural barriers. This kind of strategy could build up strong attachments among Chinese consumers and help them accepted the unique characteristic of luxury fashion brands. The pricing strategy Price is one of the most significant signals in Chinese business world. For most Chinese consumers, price represented the value of luxury fashion goods. As a result, the luxury fashion products should not go on discount, no matter what the consumer is. The pricing strategy about goods, especially about core products, could bolster a brand’s prestige. For other items, companies could adjust the price according to the market condition and the inventory in order to long-term brand building. The retailing strategy A stupendous store belongs to the luxury fashion company located in the luxury area build up a sense of important and identified by the market. The luxury fashion positioning enhanced if the boutiques are visible to a lot of consumer in major fashion cities. The landmark stores opened in Chinese Tier 1 cities, such as Beijing, Hangzhou and Guangzhou, are the best locations to building the brand image and attracting the target customer groups. The commercial centres and shopping malls in luxury area are welcomed by most of fashion lovers, luxury followers and luxury intellectuals. Meanwhile, the investment on the landmark store is the best and effective way to generate profits and build-up brand royalty. In an Internet era, shopping online has become the major shopping way, especially for the young people. Although most luxury fashion companies have shied away from online channels due to the fearing that e-commerce might reduce the value of the luxury brand. However, for a long-term return and brand building, online platform provides not only a purchase channel, but also an information exchange channel between luxury fashion brand and Chinese consumers. With the developing of GDP and individual income of consumers, the global luxury fashion market and such the emerging market as China, have become the strategic focus of luxury market researcher and the consult company. This report attempts to identify development strategy of the luxury fashion brand, especially in mainland China market through the analysis of the change of global luxury fashion brand, overview of Chinese luxury market and the passion for luxury consumption. All those factors were identified depend on a comprehensive review of luxury fashion goods related researches and market consulting reports. The findings of this study provide a new insight of global and Chinese luxury fashion market for the consumers who interests the luxury fashion brand and a clear strategy guide for market managers of the luxury fashion firms, particular in the time of the company expand their business in mainland China. In addition, the study helps reduce the risks and costs of market research and helps the company overcome the huge gap in a multicultural business environment. First, the findings about the global luxury fashion market and the general development strategy in luxury fashion market all over the world indicated that the achieving the growth while remaining exclusive positioning, and attracting more consumers without losing cachet of brand value is the core strategy for every luxury corporates. The more loyal consumers may weaken due to the popular brands launched in the market because they choose pay a premium goods that majority and identified by small group. Consequently, the balance between growth and unique, the price and quality may be tougher in China than in any other market. However, customization develops quickly as the new trend of luxury fashion industry. The customizing activities have launched in different business sectors, but which is yet adopted by the luxury industry on a board. At presents, the customization just limited on the area of fashion accessories, apparel, handbags, and jewellery, and emphasising on customizing standard products, point of delivery customization and service and producing bespoke goods. Secondly, the increasing the number of consumers, overseas traveller, new market segments and the counterfeits goods have become the main features in the Chinese luxury fashion market in recent years. The features are important of stress the benefits of investment in mainland China. Based on the research findings, International marketers should setting extension strategy that is coherent with branding, merchandising and global image by serving China’s globetrotting shoppers, striking the balance between store numbers and quality and focusing anti-counterfeit goods. For Chinese globetrotting shoppers, the customer relationship management should emphasis global view rather than on mainland China. In the view of higher management board, the corporate organisational structure of the luxury fashion company should reflect the significant of Chinese market by sorting up the processes for generating direct communication between Chinese luxury consumers and the home headquarter. Based on the new market segmentation, the luxury company should upgrade current stores and outlets in order to keep consistent with the global image and emphasis on the business in Tier 1 cities. As the market statistics indicated that the luxury counterfeit goods have become the barriers for development in China, including seizing sale revenue and weakening brand value. Luxury fashion companies should co-operate with customs officials to seize fake goods at ports. Working with international national organisation or international associations should be the third path for anti-counterfeit activities. The co-operation should ranges from such international associations as World Intellectual Property to regional groups like US-focused International Anti-Counterfeits Coalition. Thirdly, the research findings about the passions for Chinese luxury fashion consumption indicated that the â€Å"bling† customers who lack of knowledge about luxury fashion goods or just following the trend account of a part of Chinese luxury consumers. Besides that, Chinese luxury consumption deeply influenced by saving faces and group orientation, which are the part of traditional Confusion value. Targeting different drivers of luxury consumption, managers should have different strategies. For the bling customers, the global luxury firms should invest in improving the brand awareness and expanding the brand value, which could offer a global opportunity to attracting potential customers and building loyalty and repeat customer groups. For the consumers who care about saving face, International luxury fashion markers should draw the outline of visual and outward appearance of rank and status when unfolding their marketing activities. Meanwhile, the companies should emphasise the brand’s country of origin, so the Chinese consumers have the confident to identified and distinguished with other mass products. In addition, the package of luxury goods also need to be recognisable in order to fit the moderate and lifestyle associated with Chinese consumers. Furthermore, in light of the results about group orientation, the management board company should stress the profit of luxury fashion goods as a symbol of social marker and the sale assistants inspire consumer purchases because of the goods could generate a sense of group belonging and conformity of the elite. Due to the group belonging, a special attention should be given to the layout of the physical store and the luxury service of sale staff. No matter who is the consumer, friends will be involved during the decision making process and become potential consumers in the future. Proving high-quality services and creating luxury experience for non-buyers also benefit for making sure that the brand accepted by group and that the consumer does not stand out from others. Finally, about the current expansion strategy in mainland China market, most of luxury fashion companies emphasis the strategy on marking, localization, pricing and retailing coherent with the global business aims. Raising brand awareness and expressing the luxury lifestyle lay the foundation of marketing strategy. In order to respect to Chinese traditional culture, luxury brands should integrate Chinese culture and art into design, package, and store layout of products, which accepted easily by Chinese consumers in different social class. Meanwhile, the research findings indicated that the price is the most important factor which influenced Chinese luxury consumption. Luxury marketers should balance the price between Chinese market and overseas. As for the retailing strategy, the luxury brand stresses the developing of boutiques store and the setting up online distribution channels. However, there are several special attention should be given to price gap between China and overseas, and the online distribution channels. On one hand, comparing with that rarely go on discount in mainland China, the luxury fashion goods is often at a discount at overseas, especially for the non-core products and in the time of Christmas or Summer Sale. On the other hand, the high rate of tax and fees raise up the price of luxury fashion goods in mainland China. According to the law and regulations in China, a luxury fashion goods, such as the eye cream of Estee Lauder native to the UK, is imported into Chinese market with 10% import tariff, 30% consumption tax, 5% sales tax and 17% value-add tax. Including the managing fees, advertising costs and other issues, the price of the eye cream is double in the UK. In the respect of the luxury company, the appreciate discount in Chinese market could promote the desire of consumption and boost the sale revenue; in the respect of tax policy makers in mainland China, reducing the rate of import tariff and consumption tax of international luxury fashion goods could Finally, luxury fashion goods, as a subject of nature, play different or scenarios, different income level, education background, and social – economic factors, as well as exam the type of relationship that seek from luxury fashion brands. On the view of passions for luxury consumption, there are many other drivers, such as collection, appreciation, should take the consideration into further research.